The influence of aging on buckle strength loss in AA5182-H48 for beverage can ends
Paweł Kokoszka1
, Andrij Milenin2
1CANPACK S.A., Business Support Service, Starowiejska 28 Street, 32-800 Brzesko, Poland.
2AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7494/cmms.2023.3.0815
Abstract:
The paper examines the influence of aging on buckling strength loss for aluminum alloy 5182 beverage can ends. In the experimental study, aging took place naturally and artificially. For the buckling strength testing, a special experimental technique was used, which was based on measuring the internal pressure leading to the destruction of the beverage can ends. The experimental results show that the beverage can ends indicate a significant time-dependent buckle strength loss. For example, a year of aging can end at 20°C leading to a decrease in its strength by 5%. Half of this decrease occurs in the first 3–4 weeks. The aging phenomenon also got worse with increasing temperature. It has been found that increasing the aging temperature to 40°C results in an 8% reduction in buckling strength after 4 weeks of aging. The whole life cycle, from its production to the processes it undergoes and storage time, was analyzed. At the same time, tests were carried out for both the input material and the product itself. On this basis, the mechanical properties and their change depending on time or temperature were examined. All specimens made from can end stock (CES) were also found to not show the same drop of mechanical properties as for the buckling of finished ends. The obtained experimental allowed the development of an empirical mathematical model that makes it possible to predict the buckling strength of the can end depending on the conditions of aging and temperature of testing. The present study showed the importance of temperature conditions used in can filling lines in the determination of resistance to changes in buckling for the ends.
Cite as:
Kokoszka, P., & Milenin, A. (2023). The influence of aging on buckle strength loss in AA5182-H48 for beverage can ends. Computer Methods in Materials Science, 23(4), 5-17 . https://doi.org/10.7494/cmms.2023.3.0815
Article (PDF):
Keywords:
AA5182-H48 alloy, Beverage end, Aging, Buckling strength, Manufacturing process
References:
Alibeiki, E., Rajabi., J., & Rajabi, J. (2012). Prediction of mechanical properties of the heat treatment by artificial neural networks. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 2(11), 742–746.
Baran, W., Regulski, K., & Milenin, A. (2022). Influence of materials parameters of the coil sheet on the formation of defects during the manufacture of deep‐drawn cups. Processes, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10030578.
Cayless, R.B.C. (1990). Alloy and temper designation systems for aluminum and aluminum alloys. In ASM Handbook (Vol. 2: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, pp. 15–28). ASM International. https://materialsdata.nist.gov/bitstream/handle/11115/157/Alloy%20and%20Temper%20Designation.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=3.
Courbon, J. (2000). Mechanical metallurgy of aluminium alloys for the beverage can. Materials Science Forum, 331–337, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.331-337.17.
DeWeese, S.K., Ningileri, S.T., Das, S.K., & Green, J.A.S. (2008). Stress-corrosion cracking in aluminum beverage can ends – issues, observations, and potential solutions. Jom, 60(5), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0060-9.
Filizzola, D.M., da Silva Santos, T., de Miranda, A.G., da Costa, J.C.M., do Nascimento, N.R., dos Santos, M.D., Bello, R.H., del Pino, G.G., & de Macêdo Neto, J.C. (2021). Annealing effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA5182 aluminum alloy. Materials Research, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2020-0545.
Gong, T., Dong, J., Shi, Z., Yaer, X., & Liu, H. (2019). Effects of Ce-rich mischmetal on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 5182 aluminum alloy. Materials, 12(24), 4230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244230.
Han, J., Yamazaki, K., Otsuka, T., Hasegawa, T., Itoh, R., & Nishiyama, S. (2010). Thinning minimization for forming aluminum beverage can end shells. 13th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 13–15 September 2010, Forth Worth, Texas, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-9045.
Hirsch, J. (2010). 23 – Aluminium sheet fabrication and processing. In R. Lumley (Ed.), Fundamentals of Aluminium Metallurgy: Production, Processing and Applications (pp. 719–746). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857090256.3.719.
Hosford, W.F., & Duncan, J.L. (1994). The Aluminum beverage can. Scientific American, 271(3), 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0994-48.
Hoyle, W.C., & Setlak, F.R. (1996). Trends and needs in can stock: A packaging company’s perspective. Jom, 48(11), 33–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03223241.
Kaufman, J.G. (2000). Introduction to Aluminium Alloys and Tempers. ASM International.
Leggat, R.B., Taylor, S.R. (1999). Effect of micron-scale surface deformation on the corrosion behavior of coil-coated aluminum alloy 5182. Corrosion, 55(10), 984–990. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3283935.
Lee, K., Hong, Ch., Lee, E.-H., & Yang, W.H. (2020). Comparison of artificial intelligence methods for prediction of mechanical properties. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 967(1), 012031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/967/1/012031.
McMahon, M.E., Steiner, P.J., Lass, A.B., & Burns, J.T. (2017). The effect of loading orientation on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloys. Corrosion, 73(6), 713–723. https://doi.org/10.5006/2343.
Merayo, D., Rodríguez-Prieto, A., & Camacho, A.M. (2020). Prediction of mechanical properties by artificial neural networks to characterize the plastic behavior of aluminum alloys. Materials, 13(22), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225227.
Picu, R.C., Vincze, G., Ozturk, F., Gracio, J.J., Barlat, F., & Maniatty, A.M. (2005). Strain rate sensitivity of the commercial aluminum alloy AA5182-O. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 390(1–2), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.08.029.
Reid, J.D., Bielenberg, R.W., & Coon, B.A. (2001). Indenting, buckling and piercing of aluminum beverage cans. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 37(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-874X(00)00027-5.
Sigli, C., Vichery, H., & Grange, B. (1996). Computer assisted metallurgy for non heat treatable aluminum alloys. Materials Science Forum, 217–222, 391–396. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.217-222.391.
Wang, Y., Krane, M.J.M., & Trumble, K.P. (2015). Thermal stress prediction in AA5182 rectangular ingots. In M. Hyland (Ed.), Light Metals 2015 (pp. 865–870). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119093435.ch145.
Wędrychowicz, P., Kustra, P., Paćko, M., & Milenin, A. (2021). A flow stress model of the AA3104-H19 alloy for the FEM simulation of the beverage can manufacturing process under large plastic deformations. Materials, 14(21), 6408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216408.
Wen, W., & Morris, J.G. (2003). An investigation of serrated yielding in 5000 series aluminum alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 354(1–2), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00017-0.
Wen, W., Zhao, Y., & Morris, J.G. (2005). The effect of Mg precipitation on the mechanical properties of 5xxx aluminum alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 392(1–2), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.09.059.
Yamazaki, K., Itoh, R., Han, J., Watanabe, M., & Nishiyama, S. (2005). Optimum design of aluminum beverage can ends using structural optimization techniques. AIP Conference Proceedings, 778 A(2005), 719–724. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2011307.
Yamazaki, K., Itoh, R., Watanabe, M., Han, J., & Nishiyama, S. (2007). Applications of structural optimization techniques in light weighting of aluminum beverage can ends. Journal of Food Engineering, 81(2), 341–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.10.031.
Yamazaki, K., Otsuka, T., Han, J., Hasegawa, T., & Shirasawa, T. (2011). New tooling system for forming aluminum beverage can end shell. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1383, 879–886. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3623698.
Yang, Y., Zhao, P.Z., Zou, L.Y., & Fan, R.H. (2018). Bake precipitation behavior in AA5182 sheet for can end stock. Materials Science Forum, 913, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.913.37.
Yang, Y., Zhao, P.Z., Xiao, X., & Zheng, X.B. (2020). Effect of Cu content on ageing behavior for aa3104-h19 can body sheet. Materials Science Forum, 993, 358–364. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.993.358.
Zhang, Q., Luan, X., Dhawan, S., Politis, D.J., Du, Q., Fu, M.W., Wang, K., Gharbi, M.M., & Wang, L. (2019). Development of the post-form strength prediction model for a highstrength 6xxx aluminium alloy with pre-existing precipitates and residual dislocations. International Journal of Plasticity, 119, 230–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.03.013.
Zhu, Z., & Starink, M.J. (2008). Age hardening and softening in cold-rolled Al-Mg-Mn alloys with up to 0.4 wt% Cu. Materials Science and Engineering A, 489(1–2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.12.019.